We look with amazement at the stars in the sky and wonder whether we can ever
understand, how they work. We will probably never travel there, but often we do not
realize that we can study much of their behavior in our laboratories here on earth.
The evolution of the present day universe is largely driven by nuclear processes, and
by studying atomic nuclei and collisions between them we can understand the life cycle
of stars and how they generate their energy. And also how some stars end their lives in
catastrophic events, called supernovae, where many of the elements are generated which
our world is made of. Much of this connection is contained in the nuclear equation-of-state.
Like e.g. the familiar equation-of-state of water, it describes the behaviour of nuclear matter
with change of pressure, temperature and, here, proton-neutron asymmetry. We can study
this equation-of-state in collisions of nuclei in large accelerating machines. In many respects
these collisions look like supernova explosions on the nuclear length scale of femtometers,
i.e. 10-15m, thus they are sometimes called femtonovae.
In this talk I will explore these connections between nuclear and astrophysics.
I will discuss the concept and the properties of the nuclear equation-of-state and how
it enters into the mechanism of supernovae and the properties of their remnants, the
neutron stars. Finally I will describe how we can investigate this quantity experimentally
and theoretically in the properties of exotic nuclei and nuclear collisions.
Hermann Wolter received his PhD with Prof. A. Faessler in Münster, Germany, in 1970
in theoretical nuclear structure theory and was postdoc at the University of Texas with
Prof. T. Tamura. He became professor at the University of Cologne in 1974 and moved to
the University of Munich in 1976. He made numerous research visits, among others in the
US (Stony Brook, MSU), Israel (Weizmann), Italy (Catania), France (Nantes). He was retired
in 2016 but continues to be active in research, and is a member of the Universe Cluster of
Excellence in Munich. His fields of research are direct nuclear reactions, heavy ion collisions,
nuclear equation-of-state and the symmetry energy, nuclear astrophysics and neutron stars.
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